Quantum-dot Cellular Automata of Flip-flops

The use of quantum-dots is a promising emerging technology for implementing digital systems at the nano-scale level. Recently studied computational paradigms for quantum-dot technology include the use of locally connected quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). This technique is based on the interaction of electrons within quantum dots that take advantage of quantum phenomena; the same phenomena that may prove problematic in future integrated circuit technologies as feature sizes continue to decrease. This paper proposes layouts for all the flip-flops. The potential application in telecommunications technologies of QCA and the proposed devices is widespread and clear. By taking full advantage of the unique features of this technology, we are able to create complete circuits on a single layer of QCA. Such devices are expected to function with ultra low power consumption and very high operating speeds.